我自己平時都是使用 Debian/Ubuntu 裡面的 APT 來安裝軟體套件，就連自己寫了一些小軟體也是會放到 PPA 上面，然後再透過 APT 下載回來安裝，但是並不是所有的軟體都有 Open Source 或是有人有準備好 PPA 可以直接透過 APT 來安裝。
於是乎，我花了兩三天的時間製作了這個簡單的工具用來管理這些額外的軟體。
Quick - an installation helper for GNU/Linux.
使用方式就是執行下面這段指令來安裝：
$ wget http://bit.ly/quick-installer -O - | bash -
安裝完成之後要先登出，再重新登入系統。
接下來執行以下指令來安裝更新套件列表：
$ quick update
然後再執行以下指令來安裝軟體套件：
$ quick install sublime-text
安裝後，想要移除掉就執行：
$ quick remove sublime-text
其它使用方式執行以下指令來看說明。
$ quick
$ requestsync -C -d unstable --lp betaradio precise
Summary (one line): Sync betaradio 1.4-1 (universe) from Debian unstable (main) Description: Please sync betaradio 1.4-1 (universe) from Debian unstable (main) Changelog entries since current precise version 1.3-1: XXX FIXME: add changelog here XXX
Summary (one line):
Sync betaradio 1.4-1 (universe) from Debian unstable (main)
Description:
Please sync betaradio 1.4-1 (universe) from Debian unstable (main)
Changelog entries since current precise version 1.3-1:
betaradio (1.4-1) unstable; urgency=low
* New upstream release.
* debian/patches/00_dont_install_header: Don't install header file into the
system.
-- Shih-Yuan Lee (FourDollars) <fourdollars[at]gmail.com> Sat, 14 Jan 2012 20:58:32 +0800
$ requestsync -C -d unstable --lp ibus-chewing precise
Summary: Sync ibus-chewing 1.3.10+clean-1 (main) from Debian unstable (main)
Description:
Please sync ibus-chewing 1.3.10+clean-1 (main) from Debian unstable (main)
Explanation of the Ubuntu delta and why it can be dropped:
* debian/patches/IBusChewingEngine-def-fix-SIGSEGV-on-preference-save.patch:
Fix misuse of g_value_get_gtype in g_value_to_g_variant. (LP: #874028)
* debian/patches/escape-to-close-candidate-window-on-plain-
zhuyin.patch: Fix plain zhuyin with space as selection problem.
(https://github.com/definite/ibus-chewing/pull/8/) (LP: #843619)
[這邊有一行我忘了原本寫些什麼了，總之要你改掉寫上你的解釋]
Changelog entries since current precise version 1.3.9.2-3ubuntu2:
XXX FIXME: add changelog here XXX
Please sync ibus-chewing 1.3.10+clean-1 (main) from Debian unstable (main)
Explanation of the Ubuntu delta and why it can be dropped:
* debian/patches/IBusChewingEngine-def-fix-SIGSEGV-on-preference-save.patch:
Fix misuse of g_value_get_gtype in g_value_to_g_variant. (LP: #874028)
* debian/patches/escape-to-close-candidate-window-on-plain-
zhuyin.patch: Fix plain zhuyin with space as selection problem.
(https://github.com/definite/ibus-chewing/pull/8/) (LP: #843619)
These patches are already included in ibus-chewing 1.3.10+clean-1.
Changelog entries since current precise version 1.3.9.2-3ubuntu2:
ibus-chewing (1.3.10+clean-1) unstable; urgency=low
* New upstream release.
* All Debian patcheds dropped.
* Add Osamu as uploaders.
* Repackaged upstream tar with normal tar and removing .swo
-- Osamu Aoki <osamu[at]debian.org> Mon, 26 Dec 2011 00:17:58 +0900
$ requestsync -C -d unstable --lp hime precise
'hime' doesn't exist in 'Ubuntu precise'. Do you want to sync a new package? Press [Enter] to continue or [Ctrl-C] to abort.
Your sync request shall require an approval by a member of the appropriate sponsorship team, who shall be subscribed to this bug report. This must be done before it can be processed by a member of the Ubuntu Archive team. If the above is correct please press [Enter]
Currently the report looks as follows: Summary (one line): Sync hime 0.9.9-1 (universe) from Debian unstable (main) Description: Please sync hime 0.9.9-1 (universe) from Debian unstable (main) All changelog entries: hime (0.9.9-1) unstable; urgency=low * Initial release (Closes: #652022) -- Yao Wei (魏銘廷) <mwei[at]lxde.org> Sat, 14 Jan 2012 00:24:08 +0800 Do you want to edit the report [y/N]?並沒有修改的必要，所以還是按下 Enter 到下一步
The final report is: Summary: Sync hime 0.9.9-1 (universe) from Debian unstable (main) Description: Please sync hime 0.9.9-1 (universe) from Debian unstable (main) All changelog entries: hime (0.9.9-1) unstable; urgency=low * Initial release (Closes: #652022) -- Yao Wei (魏銘廷) <mwei[at]lxde.org> Sat, 14 Jan 2012 00:24:08 +0800 Press [Enter] to continue or [Ctrl-C] to abort.最後的確認，還是按下 Enter 於是就會產生一個 Launchpad Bug 像是 Bug #923637 in Ubuntu: “Sync hime 0.9.9-1 (universe) from Debian unstable (main)”，之後就是去注意這個 Bug 的變化，適時的去回應 Ubuntu Developer 提出的問題(如果有的話)。
$ pbuilder-dist stable i386 create
$ pbuilder-dist stable i386 build pcmanx-gtk2_1.0-svn577-1~squeeze1.dsc
$ dpkg-query -W | awk '{ if ($2 !~ /-/) print $0; }'就可以看到系統上目前裝了哪些 Debian native packagePackage: cdbs ... Version: 0.4.62+nmu1ubuntu9 ... Description: common build system for Debian packages This package contains the Common Debian Build System, an abstract build system based on Makefile inheritance which is completely extensible and overridable. In other words, CDBS provides a sane set of default rules upon which packages can build; any or all rules may be overridden as needed. ...
sudo apt-get install pbuilder cowdancer ccache sudo mkdir -p /var/cache/ccache # To avoid error of "special device /var/cache/ccache does not exist"
MIRRORSITE=http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ COMPONENTS="main restricted universe multiverse" DISTRIBUTION=lucid OTHERMIRROR="deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse|deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse|deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse|deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse" PDEBUILD_PBUILDER=cowbuilder BUILDRESULT=~/deb/
sudo cowbuilder --create
apt-get source --download-only hello下載 hello_2.4-3.diff.gz hello_2.4-3.dsc hello_2.4.orig.tar.gz 後，再執行
sudo cowbuilder --build hello_2.4-3.dsc來編譯 Debian Package
$ apt-cache policy pcmanx-gtk2
...
0.3.9-2ubuntu2 0
500 http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid/universe Packages這邊的 debian_version 就是 2ubuntu2
$ dpkg --compare-versions 0:9527-2ubuntu2 '<' 1:7-2ubuntu2; echo $?
0
$ dpkg --compare-versions 0:9527-2ubuntu2 '<' 0:9527-2ubuntu2~3small; echo $?
1不知道看倌有沒有注意到 0:9527-2ubuntu2 '<' 0:9527-2ubuntu2~3small 比較的結果是失敗的
$ dpkg --compare-versions 1-1~ '<' 1-1; echo $?
0
$ dpkg --compare-versions 1-1~~ '<' 1-1~; echo $?
0看到沒有~ 尾巴長的越長的版號反而是越小的~ >w<
$ export DEBFULLNAME="First-Name Family-Name (Nickname)"這樣就可以在目錄上層建立牽過的 Debian Source Package 由以下三個檔案組成
$ export DEBEMAIL="username@foo.bar"
$ dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -S
taiwan-radio-tuner_0.1.dsc不過目前這樣的 Debian Source Package 就算上傳到 PPA 也會是失敗收場。
taiwan-radio-tuner_0.1_source.changes
taiwan-radio-tuner_0.1.tar.gz
taiwan-radio-tuner (0.1) lucid; urgency=low原本的 experimental 要改成 lucid 因為要給 Ubuntu 10.04 使用
* Initial release.
-- First-Name Family-Name (Nickname) <username@foo.bar> Mon, 14 Jun 2010 12:47:29 +0800
W: taiwan-radio-tuner source: debhelper-but-no-misc-depends taiwan-radio-tuner這些訊息其實只要 Google 一下就可以輕易地找到解決方法。
E: taiwan-radio-tuner source: package-uses-debhelper-but-lacks-build-depends
W: taiwan-radio-tuner source: package-lacks-versioned-build-depends-on-debhelper 7
W: taiwan-radio-tuner source: missing-debian-source-format
Source: taiwan-radio-tuner修改成這樣再去執行 debuild -S 應該就不會再有任何的錯誤訊息或是警告訊息的出現了。
Maintainer: First-Name Family-Name (nickname) <username@foo.bar>
Section: contrib/web
Priority: extra
Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 7)
Standards-Version: 3.8.4
Homepage: https://chrome.google.com/extensions/detail/hacebidkncpkfenhpapdbkcefalehepa
Package: taiwan-radio-tuner
Architecture: all
Depends: ${misc:Depends}, google-chrome, alltray, gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad, gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly, gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg
Description: Listen to the radio of Taiwan.
The easiest way to listen to Internet Radio of Taiwan.
$ dput ppa:username/lucid taiwan-radio-tuner_0.1_source.changes現在在 https://launchpad.net/~fourdollars/+archive/lucid
[Desktop Entry]不過因為這個廣播程式會需要安裝一些額外的 codecs 才能夠正常地播放音樂
Name=Taiwan Radio Tuner
Exec=alltray google-chrome --app=http://fd.idv.tw/radio/
Icon=google-chrome
Type=Application
Categories=GTK;Application;AudioVideo;Audio;Player;
$ mkdir taiwan-radio-tuner-0.1把上面的 taiwan-radio-tuner.desktop 放進去
$ mv taiwan-radio-tuner.desktop taiwan-radio-tuner-0.1然後在 taiwan-radio-tuner-0.1 底下產生 debian 這個目錄
$ cd taiwan-radio-tuner-0.1接下來開始準備 debian/control
$ mkdir debian
Source: taiwan-radio-tuner這邊要注意到 Section 這欄寫的是 contrib/web 寫成 contrib 是因為這個套件相依到 google-chrome 這個 non-free 的套件
Maintainer: Shih-Yuan Lee (FourDollars) <fourdollars@gmail.com>
Section: contrib/web
Priority: extra
Standards-Version: 3.8.4
Homepage: https://chrome.google.com/extensions/detail/hacebidkncpkfenhpapdbkcefalehepa
Package: taiwan-radio-tuner
Architecture: all
Depends: google-chrome, alltray, gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad, gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly, gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg
Description: Listen to the radio of Taiwan.
The easiest way to listen to Internet Radio of Taiwan.
$ echo 7 > debian/compat準備 debian/rules
$ cp /usr/share/doc/debhelper/examples/rules.tiny debian/rules最後使用 dch --create 來產生一個 debian/changelog
taiwan-radio-tuner (0.1) experimental; urgency=low不過還有一個很重要的檔案要準備 debian/install 內容如下
* Initial release.
-- Shih-Yuan Lee (FourDollars) <fourdollars@gmail.com> Mon, 14 Jun 2010 12:47:29 +0800
taiwan-radio-tuner.desktop /usr/share/applications/也就是要把 taiwan-radio-tuner.desktop 安裝到 /usr/share/applications/ 底下的意思
dpkg-source: warning: missing information for output field Standards-Version我們只要把 debian/control 修改成
dpkg-genchanges: warning: missing Section for binary package foo; using '-'
dpkg-genchanges: warning: missing Priority for binary package foo; using '-'
dpkg-genchanges: warning: missing Section for source files
dpkg-genchanges: warning: missing Priority for source files
Source: foo這樣就不會又那些警告訊息了~
Maintainer: foo <foo@bar.com>
Section: misc
Priority: extra
Standards-Version: 3.8.4
Package: foo
Architecture: all
Description: blah
debian/changelog #套件的變更紀錄那麼接下來開始製作一個有點用處的 Debian Package 吧~ :)
debian/compat #套件相容 debhelper 版本
debian/control #套件所有的描述跟分類
debian/rules #製作 Debian Package 時的 Makefile (背後會使用到 debhelper)
$ sudo aptitude install debhelper devscripts然後產生一個目錄
$ mkdir foo-0.1在裡面準備 debian/control
Source: foo Maintainer: foo <foo@bar.com> Package: foo Architecture: all Description: blah然後準備 debian/rules
$ cp /usr/share/doc/debhelper/examples/rules.tiny debian/rules有興趣可以看一下內容
#!/usr/bin/make -f %: dh $@在 debian/compat 指定一下這是 Debhelper 7 的 Debian Package
$ echo 7 > debian/compat最後執行一下
$ dch --create --package foo -v 0.1 -D experimental產生 debian/changelog 內容會像是
foo (0.1) experimental; urgency=low * Initial release. (Closes: #XXXXXX) -- foo <foo@bar.com> Fri, 11 Jun 2010 12:01:20 +0800然後就可以開始打包了
$ dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -uc -us之後就會在 foo-0.1 這個目錄的上層目錄看到產生出來的 Debian Package 了
foo_0.1_all.deb foo_0.1_amd64.changes foo_0.1.dsc foo_0.1.tar.gz可以用指令看一下 foo_0.1_all.deb 的內容物
$ dpkg -c foo_0.1_all.deb drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2010-06-11 12:07 ./ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2010-06-11 12:07 ./usr/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2010-06-11 12:07 ./usr/share/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2010-06-11 12:07 ./usr/share/doc/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2010-06-11 12:07 ./usr/share/doc/foo/ -rw-r--r-- root/root 161 2010-06-11 12:04 ./usr/share/doc/foo/changelog.gz可以看到裡面只有一個之前寫的檔案 changelog.gz
$ dpkg -I foo_0.1_all.deb 新式 debian 套件，版本 2.0。 大小為 982 bytes：control 套件檔=371 bytes。 218 bytes， 6 行 control 79 bytes， 1 行 md5sums Package: foo Version: 0.1 Architecture: all Maintainer: foo <foo@bar.com> Installed-Size: 28 Description: blah參考資料：http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-controlfields.html#s-sourcecontrolfiles