首先是 dvd+rw-mediainfo 這個指令可以用來檢查光碟機裡面到底是放著哪一種光碟片。
$ sudo dvd+rw-mediainfo /dev/sr0 INQUIRY: [HL-DT-ST][DVD+-RW GP60N ][A300] GET [CURRENT] CONFIGURATION: Mounted Media: 1Ah, DVD+RW Media ID: RITEK/004 Current Write Speed: 4.0x1385=5540KB/s Write Speed #0: 4.0x1385=5540KB/s Write Speed #1: 2.4x1385=3324KB/s Speed Descriptor#0: 00/2295103 R@8.0x1385=11080KB/s W@4.0x1385=5540KB/s Speed Descriptor#1: 00/2295103 R@8.0x1385=11080KB/s W@2.4x1385=3324KB/s READ DVD STRUCTURE[#0h]: Media Book Type: 00h, DVD-ROM book [revision 0] Legacy lead-out at: 2295104*2KB=4700372992 READ DISC INFORMATION: Disc status: blank Number of Sessions: 1 State of Last Session: empty "Next" Track: 1 Number of Tracks: 1 READ FORMAT CAPACITIES: unformatted: 2295104*2048=4700372992 26h(0): 2295104*2048=4700372992 READ TRACK INFORMATION[#1]: Track State: invisible incremental Track Start Address: 0*2KB Free Blocks: 2295104*2KB Track Size: 2295104*2KB READ CAPACITY: 0*2048=0
看到 Mounted Media 這行寫著 DVD+RW 就是光碟片的規格了，另外是 Disc status 這行可以看到目前光碟片的內容是空白的。
另外使用 wodim 也可以看到光碟片的規格，不過更重要的是 wodim 可以看到光碟機的規格。
$ sudo wodim dev=/dev/sr0 driveropts=help -checkdrive -v TOC Type: 1 = CD-ROM scsidev: '/dev/sr0' devname: '/dev/sr0' scsibus: -2 target: -2 lun: -2 Linux sg driver version: 3.5.27 Wodim version: 1.1.11 Driveropts: 'help' SCSI buffer size: 64512 Device type : Removable CD-ROM Version : 0 Response Format: 2 Capabilities : Vendor_info : 'HL-DT-ST' Identification : 'DVD+-RW GP60N ' Revision : 'A300' Device seems to be: Generic mmc2 DVD-R/DVD-RW. Current: 0x001A (DVD+RW) Profile: 0x0012 (DVD-RAM) Profile: 0x002B (DVD+R/DL) Profile: 0x001B (DVD+R) Profile: 0x001A (DVD+RW) (current) Profile: 0x0016 (DVD-R/DL layer jump recording) Profile: 0x0015 (DVD-R/DL sequential recording) Profile: 0x0014 (DVD-RW sequential recording) Profile: 0x0013 (DVD-RW restricted overwrite) Profile: 0x0011 (DVD-R sequential recording) Profile: 0x0010 (DVD-ROM) Profile: 0x000A (CD-RW) Profile: 0x0009 (CD-R) Profile: 0x0008 (CD-ROM) Profile: 0x0002 (Removable disk) Driver options: burnfree Prepare writer to use BURN-Free technology noburnfree Disable using BURN-Free technology
像是我目前使用的燒錄機有支援 burnfree 的功能，wodim 如果加上 -prcap 來使用，可以看到更詳細的細節。
$ sudo wodim -prcap dev=/dev/sr0 driveropts=help -checkdrive -v TOC Type: 1 = CD-ROM scsidev: '/dev/sr0' devname: '/dev/sr0' scsibus: -2 target: -2 lun: -2 Linux sg driver version: 3.5.27 Wodim version: 1.1.11 Driveropts: 'help' SCSI buffer size: 64512 Device type : Removable CD-ROM Version : 0 Response Format: 2 Capabilities : Vendor_info : 'HL-DT-ST' Identification : 'DVD+-RW GP60N ' Revision : 'A300' Device seems to be: Generic mmc2 DVD-R/DVD-RW. Drive capabilities, per MMC-3 page 2A: Does read CD-R media Does write CD-R media Does read CD-RW media Does write CD-RW media Does read DVD-ROM media Does read DVD-R media Does write DVD-R media Does read DVD-RAM media Does write DVD-RAM media Does support test writing Does read Mode 2 Form 1 blocks Does read Mode 2 Form 2 blocks Does read digital audio blocks Does restart non-streamed digital audio reads accurately Does support Buffer-Underrun-Free recording Does read multi-session CDs Does read fixed-packet CD media using Method 2 Does not read CD bar code Does not read R-W subcode information Does read raw P-W subcode data from lead in Does return CD media catalog number Does return CD ISRC information Does support C2 error pointers Does not deliver composite A/V data Does play audio CDs Number of volume control levels: 255 Does support individual volume control setting for each channel Does support independent mute setting for each channel Does not support digital output on port 1 Does not support digital output on port 2 Loading mechanism type: tray Does support ejection of CD via START/STOP command Does not lock media on power up via prevent jumper Does allow media to be locked in the drive via PREVENT/ALLOW command Is currently in a media-locked state Does not support changing side of disk Does not have load-empty-slot-in-changer feature Does not support Individual Disk Present feature Maximum read speed: 11080 kB/s (CD 62x, DVD 8x) Current read speed: 11080 kB/s (CD 62x, DVD 8x) Maximum write speed: 5540 kB/s (CD 31x, DVD 4x) Current write speed: 5540 kB/s (CD 31x, DVD 4x) Rotational control selected: CLV/PCAV Buffer size in KB: 768 Copy management revision supported: 1 Number of supported write speeds: 2 Write speed # 0: 5540 kB/s CLV/PCAV (CD 31x, DVD 4x) Write speed # 1: 3324 kB/s CLV/PCAV (CD 18x, DVD 2x) Supported CD-RW media types according to MMC-4 feature 0x37: Does write multi speed CD-RW media Does write high speed CD-RW media Does write ultra high speed CD-RW media Does not write ultra high speed+ CD-RW media
如果是從來都沒有使用過的 DVD+RW 片，可能會需要先格式化一次。
$ sudo wodim dev=/dev/sr0 -format ... $ sudo dvd+rw-mediainfo /dev/sr0 INQUIRY: [HL-DT-ST][DVD+-RW GP60N ][A300] GET [CURRENT] CONFIGURATION: Mounted Media: 1Ah, DVD+RW Media ID: RITEK/004 Current Write Speed: 4.0x1385=5540KB/s Write Speed #0: 4.0x1385=5540KB/s Write Speed #1: 2.4x1385=3324KB/s Speed Descriptor#0: 00/2295103 R@8.0x1385=11080KB/s W@4.0x1385=5540KB/s Speed Descriptor#1: 00/2295103 R@8.0x1385=11080KB/s W@2.4x1385=3324KB/s READ DVD STRUCTURE[#0h]: Media Book Type: 00h, DVD-ROM book [revision 0] Legacy lead-out at: 2295104*2KB=4700372992 READ DISC INFORMATION: Disc status: complete Number of Sessions: 1 State of Last Session: complete Number of Tracks: 1 BG Format Status: in progress, 78.1% complete READ FORMAT CAPACITIES: formatted: 2295104*2048=4700372992 26h(0): 2295104*2048=4700372992 READ TRACK INFORMATION[#1]: Track State: complete incremental Track Start Address: 0*2KB Free Blocks: 0*2KB Track Size: 2295104*2KB FABRICATED TOC: Track#1 : 14@0 Track#AA : 14@2295104 Multi-session Info: #1@0 READ CAPACITY: 2295104*2048=4700372992
DVD+RW 格式化完後 Disc status 會變成 complete。
如果使用的是已經有寫入資料的 DVD-RW 片，可能會需要先快速抹除光碟內容。
$ sudo wodim -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=fast
如果快速抹除光碟片執行失敗，也許可以試試看強迫完整抹除光碟內容。
$ sudo wodim -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=all -force
DVD-RW 抹除後會長像下面這樣。
$ sudo dvd+rw-mediainfo /dev/sr0 INQUIRY: [HL-DT-ST][DVD+-RW GP60N ][A300] GET [CURRENT] CONFIGURATION: Mounted Media: 14h, DVD-RW Sequential Media ID: RITEKW04 Current Write Speed: 4.0x1385=5540KB/s Write Speed #0: 4.0x1385=5540KB/s Write Speed #1: 2.0x1385=2770KB/s Speed Descriptor#0: 00/2298495 R@8.0x1385=11080KB/s W@4.0x1385=5540KB/s Speed Descriptor#1: 00/2298495 R@8.0x1385=11080KB/s W@2.0x1385=2770KB/s READ DVD STRUCTURE[#10h]: Media Book Type: 00h, DVD-ROM book [revision 0] Legacy lead-out at: 2298496*2KB=4707319808 READ DVD STRUCTURE[#0h]: Media Book Type: 33h, DVD-RW book [revision 3] Last border-out at: 8390653*2KB=17184057344 READ DISC INFORMATION: Disc status: blank Number of Sessions: 1 State of Last Session: empty "Next" Track: 1 Number of Tracks: 1 READ FORMAT CAPACITIES: unformatted: 2297888*2048=4706074624 00h(800): 2297888*2048=4706074624 10h(10): 2297888*2048=4706074624 15h(10): 2297888*2048=4706074624 READ TRACK INFORMATION[#1]: Track State: blank Track Start Address: 0*2KB Next Writable Address: 0*2KB Free Blocks: 2297888*2KB Track Size: 2297888*2KB READ CAPACITY: 0*2048=0
有時候可能會想要指定最低倍速來燒錄光碟片，因為光碟機或光碟片的品質問題，會導致全速燒錄時的失敗，最低倍速的燒錄會相對保險一些。
$ sudo wodim -v -eject dev=/dev/sr0 speed=2 driveropts=burnfree Windows10_InsiderPreview_x64_ZH-TW_10162.iso
加上 -eject 是希望燒錄完成後將光碟片拖盤退出（如果光碟機真的有拖盤的話），加上 driveropts=burnfree 是因為光碟機有這個功能。
使用 DVD+RW 跟 DVD-RW 的不同點在於 DVD+RW 只要格式化一次，之後就可以重覆地直接將 ISO 寫進去，不需要像 DVD-RW 那樣，每次都要先抹除內容，然後才可以將 ISO 寫進去。
